Description: Drivers for mortality are apparently linked to socio-economic differentials within different societal groups. Actuaries are not the only profession interested in unravelling the mystery of why different groups within society experience such different mortality rates. The author gives examples from occupational pension plans in Canada, the UK and Germany.

Description: Panelists discuss issues important to actuaries acting as expert witnesses in legal proceedings, as well as guidelines for the actual presentation of testimony, focusing primarily in the area of pension plans. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 23, No. 1.

Description: The SOA and the CIA are pleased to make available a research report assessing the impact of Canadian Pension Plan (CPP) enhancements.

Description: This paper presents a multi-state stochastic model for analyzing continuing care retirement community CCRC populations. The model considers CCRCs with a number of independent living units and a skilled nursing facility. Residents may transfer temporarily or permanently to this facility. It is assumed that units vacated by deaths, withdrawals or permanent transfers are immediately occupied by new residents. Transfers are modeled using a time-homogeneous Markov process. The paper provides some probabilistic results and some numerical results obtained using this model. Some important generalizations of the model are also briefly discussed.

Description: Provides an overview of several EBRI studies on spending by older Americans and brings together with Society of Actuaries research on shocks in retirement.

Description: This study seeks to understand what has already been done to date to determine how many people are at risk, how great that risk is, and what can be done to minimize it. In addition, this report explores solutions that may lay in changing individual behaviors. Since much of what happens in preparation for and during retirement is up to an individual, we want to understand what we know about individual behaviors and how we can influence them. In addition, it should also be recognized that solutions might lie in new public or employer policies or in new products for the marketplace. Although there have been some new products entering the market in recent years—like late retirement, or so-called longevity insurance—the development of new solutions has been slow and may be hampered by complex government regulations.

Description: Technological innovations are disrupting traditional business models, improving products, and enhancing the user experience.

Description: This paper defines health expectancy as that part of life expectancy where the person is expected to be healthy. It also breaks down the remainder of life expectancy into two unhealthy categories, one where assisted living will be necessary, and one where a skilled nursing facility will be necessary. These expectations are calculated for many combinations of age, other demographic characteristics, and current health issues.

Description: Part 4 presents an alternate approach to obtaining the fair value of the public sector employer’s pension benefit liability.

Description: Protecting oneself in older age from risks is the sine qua non of retirement planning. But far too many people don’t approach retirement (or retirement planning) well. From a policy perspective, we know about half the senior population will have some sort of long-term care event. We need to recognize that long-term care risk is a component not just of aging but of retirement. Placing long term care solutions in the retirement space is critical to reaching the bulk of the population. Combined with the additional element—recognition of risk—this would be both a powerful protection but also a natural one for individuals to understand.